If you are unsure whether a style will support footnote andĮndnotes, open the style with the Output Style Editor and look at the Citation Type drop-down.
MLA is an example of a style that will create both in-text citations and footnotes within the same output style. Specificially indicate in the title that the style will create footnotes. This is a good indicator that the style will create footnotes, however there are a few exceptions where it does not Generally, you'll see the word Notes in the title of the output style. Just make sure the output style you select to format your paper is able to handle footnote andĮndnote formatting. For cases and legislation, a short title may be used followed by a cross-reference (n) in parentheses.Some output styles prefer the use of footnotes andĮndnotes instead of in-text citations and a bibliography. Use ‘n’ to refer to a source that has been cited in a previous footnote other than the immediately preceding one. See the examples of repeat citations using ‘ibid’ provided below. If you refer to the same source as in the immediately preceding footnote but to a different page or section, use ‘ibid’ followed by the pinpoint reference, that is, the different page or section number.
The pinpoint reference should not be repeated. If there is a pinpoint reference, that is, a reference to a specific place in the cited text, and the next footnote is to the same work and to the same place in the cited text, use ‘ibid’. ‘Ibid’ should always be capitalised when it appears at the start of a footnote. 'Ibid' should not be used where there are multiple sources in the preceding footnote. Use ‘ibid’ to refer to a source in the immediately preceding footnote, including any pinpoints. ‘Ibid’ is an abbreviatio n of the Latin term ‘ibidem’, meaning ‘in the same place’.
For more guidance, see rule 1.4 in the full AGLC4 manual online. The terms ‘ibid’ and ‘n’ are used to refer to previous citations. When a particular source is cited more than once in a paper, the full bibliographic details should not be provided each time in a footnote.
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